The main causes of atherosclerosis
Unhealthy lifestyle
One of the most significant contributors to atherosclerosis is an unhealthy lifestyle. Factors such as smoking, a diet high in saturated and trans fats, and a lack of physical activity contribute to the development of plaque in the blood vessels.
High blood pressure
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, can damage the inner lining of the blood vessels, promoting the formation of plaque. It is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis.
High cholesterol levels
In particular, high levels of LDL (“bad” cholesterol) in the blood contribute to the formation of plaque in the arteries. It is therefore important to keep cholesterol levels under control.
Diabetes
Diabetes, especially when blood sugar levels are poorly controlled, can damage the blood vessels and contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
Recognising the symptoms of atherosclerosis
People often do not experience symptoms of atherosclerosis until an artery has become significantly narrowed or completely blocked. This can lead to symptoms such as:
- Chest pain or angina: This can occur when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, are affected.
- Shortness of breath: This may occur when blood flow is restricted.
- Fatigue: Reduced blood flow to important organs can cause fatigue.
- Confusion: If the blood vessels supplying the brain are affected, this can lead to cognitive problems.
- Muscle weakness in the legs: This can occur when the arteries in the legs are affected, resulting in reduced blood circulation.
Consequences of atherosclerosis
The plaque caused by atherosclerosis can have several potentially serious consequences:
- An infarction: Plaque can narrow a blood vessel and restrict blood flow. If the vessel becomes completely blocked, the tissue or organ supplied by that vessel may no longer receive enough blood and oxygen, causing tissue damage or tissue death.
- A blood clot: Damage associated with plaque can cause a blood clot to form. If the clot breaks loose, it can travel through the bloodstream and block another blood vessel, potentially causing serious complications.
- An aneurysm: Atherosclerosis does not only cause narrowing of the arteries. It can also weaken the vessel wall, causing it to widen or bulge and potentially resulting in an aneurysm.
The role of lifestyle in preventing atherosclerosis
Lifestyle changes play a crucial role in preventing atherosclerosis and maintaining healthy blood vessels. The following lifestyle measures are particularly important:
Healthy diet
Focus on a balanced diet rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains and lean sources of protein. These foods provide essential nutrients that support healthy blood vessels and may help slow the development of plaque.
Regular physical activity
Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week. Regular physical activity helps manage blood pressure, supports heart health and contributes to maintaining a healthy weight.
Quitting smoking
Smoking is one of the strongest risk factors for atherosclerosis. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce your risk.
Weight management
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce the strain on your heart and blood vessels.
